Induction of lymphangiogenesis by TβR-I inhibitor in MIA PaCa-2 xenograft models. (A,B) Effects of TβR-I inhibitor on lymphangiogenesis were examined in a xenograft model using a TGF-β–nonresponsive human pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA PaCa-2. MIA PaCa-2 cells mixed with or without VEGF-C (1 μg/mL) were subcutaneously inoculated in BALB/c nude mice and treated with TβR-I inhibitor (1 mg/kg) as described in Figure 7. Bars represent 50 μm. (A) Immunostaining of MIA PaCa-2 xenograft sections by LYVE-1 (shown in green). (B) LYVE-1–positive areas in the MIA PaCa-2 xenograft sections in the presence or absence of VEGF-C and TβR-I inhibitor were determined (n = 3 for each group). Error bars represent SE. n.s. indicates not significant (*P < .05).