Graphic representation of the treatment schema. VAdCA denotes vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin. I/E denotes ifosfamide and etoposide. VAdCA* and I/E* denote high-intensity vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin, ifosfamide, and etoposide as described in “Study design.”