Typical CD4⁺ T-cell responses in 3 patients with different courses of HCV infection. Patient 1 clears the virus in the presence of sustained vigorous and multispecific CD4⁺ T-cell responses. In patient 2, who has chronic HCV infection, CD4⁺ T-cell responses are hardly detectable. Patient 3 goes through acute, resolving HCV genotype 1 infection, resulting in sustained vigorous and multispecific CD4⁺ T-cell responses. Later, patient 3 is reinfected with a heterologous, HCV non–genotype 1 infection. The vigorous and multispecific CD4⁺ T-cell responses detectable in the patient represent remainders from the previous genotype 1 infection and do not prevent persistence of the HCV non–genotype 1 infection.