Pilot study of valproate-based therapy in HAM/TSP patients. (A) The PVLs were determined by real-time PCR at the indicated days of the valproate treatment. The PVLs are represented in number of copies per 1000 cells. ND indicates not determined. (B) The PVLs at 4-year intervals were determined by real-time PCR in 36 HAM/TSP patients. The PVLs are represented in number of copies per 1000 cells. (C) Three HAM/TSP patients (HAM-5, HAM-6, and HAM-7) were treated with AZT + 3TC for 2 months. The PVLs were determined by real-time PCR at the indicated days and are represented in number of copies per 1000 cells.