MCP-1 mediates TGF-β–induced angiogenesis. (A) The CAM assay was used to examine angiogenesis. Sterile 0.25 × 0.25-cm2 filter papers soaked with TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) or together with anti-MCP-1–neutralizing antibody or anti-GFP antibody (200 ng/mL) were applied onto the surfaces of the growing CAMs. Physiologic saline was used as negative control. After incubation for 3 days, the CAMs were fixed and the photos were taken by microscopy. The area with increased opacity indicates an inflammatory response. Bar indicates 1 mm. (B) Quantitation of the newly formed blood vessels (n = 8). Eight to 10 eggs were used for each data point. Significant differences were measured by mean vascular numbers between control and TGF-β–treated CAM (***P < .001) and between α-MCP-1 and α-GFP antibody treatment (**P < .01). Error bars indicate SD.
