PAMP activity on various human cell types. (A) Activity of PAMPs on HEK 293 cells transfected with either TLR2 (top) or TLR4/MD-2 (bottom). Concentration of PAMPs were as follows: E coli LPS (100 ng/mL) and P aeruginosa LPS (1 μg/mL), PAM₃CSK₄ (200 ng/mL), and flagellin (1 μg/mL). (B) Inhibitory effects of mAbs specific to CD14, TLR4, MD-2, and TLR2 (10 μg/mL) on the activation of human whole blood (IL-6 secretion) by PAMPs. E coli LPS (4 ng/mL) and P aeruginosa LPS (100 ng/mL), the synthetic PAM₃CSK₄ lipopeptide (100 ng/mL) and flagellin (300 ng/mL). Duplicates were performed for all conditions tested. This represents 1 representative experiment of 3. Error bars show ± standard error of the mean (SEM).