GSK-3 is necessary for IL-12p70 secretion and enhances IL-12p40, IL-6, and TNF-α, but not IL-10, secretion by DCs activated with E coli. MoDCs were prepared as in Figure 2–3. Cells were either continued in GM-CSF and IL-4 (no activation) or activated with E coli in the presence or absence of LiCl (10 mM) and SB415286 (10 μM) on days 5 to 7 of culture. Supernatants were harvested after 36 hours. Absolute cytokine levels in the absence of inhibitors: IL-12p70: 2.1 ± 1 ng/mL; IL-12p40: 54.2 ± 10.5 ng/mL; IL-6: 109.7 ± 25 ng/mL; IL-10: 7.2 ± 0.8 ng/mL; and TNF-α: 16.1 ± 3.8 ng/mL. Shown are the means ± SEM; n = 6. *P < .05, **P < .01 compared with activation without a GSK-3 inhibitor.