Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and IFN-β by DCs stimulated with vaccinia virus (VV). DCs were generated from bone marrow cells of C57BL/6 mice in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 for 5 days. On day 5, immature DCs were stimulated with PGN, LPS, CpG ODN (CpG), live VV, or UV-inactivated VV (UV-VV) for 18 hours. DCs incubated with medium only serve as the control (medium). Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for secretion of IL-6 (A), IL-1 (B), IL-12 (C), IFN-α (D), and IFN-β (E). Results are expressed as mean ± SD.