Differentiation of CD1a⁻ and CD1a⁺ cells from monocytes. Phenotypic characterization of developing immature (A-G) and activated (H-J) moDCs. (A) Kinetics of CD1a membrane expression. Dotted line represents isotype control staining. (B) CD14^high monocytes give rise to CD1a⁻ and to CD1a⁺ cells of different forward light-scatter (FSC) related to cells' size. (C) The expression of CD14 divides moDCs to CD14^lowCD1a⁻ and CD14⁻CD1a⁺ cells. (D) Both CD1a⁻ and CD1a⁺ moDCs express the C-type lectin DC-SIGN. Thin line represents the CD1a⁻ population, and bold line represents the CD1a⁺ population in panels B-D. Dotted line represents isotype control staining of the CD1a⁻ population, and dashed-dotted line represents the same of the CD1a⁺ population in panels C-D. (E) On day 5 of culture, CD1a⁺ cells express slightly less MMR than CD1a⁻ cells. (F) On day 5 of culture, a subpopulation of CD1a⁺ cells expresses E-cadherin. (G) On day 5 of culture, both CD1a⁻ and CD1a⁺ cells are characterized by high CD40 expression. (H-J) Immature moDCs were activated by inflammatory cocktail on day 5 for 24 hours, and phenotypic analysis was performed on day 6 of culture. Both CD1a⁻ and CD1a⁺ mature moDCs coexpress CD83, high levels of HLA-DR, and CD86.