Cytokine treatment and neovascularization. C57BL/6 mice were treated with saline alone (PBS), G-CSF, AMD3100, or G-CSF in combination with AMD3100 (G + A), and perfusion of the ischemic hindlimb relative to the nonischemic hindlimb was measured. Representative laser Doppler images taken 14 days after surgery are shown. Low perfusion is displayed as blue, while the highest level of perfusion is displayed as red. (A) G-CSF versus PBS. (B) AMD-3100 versus PBS. (C) G-CSF + AMD-3100 versus PBS. Data represent the mean ± SEM.