Time courses of clinical cases. (A) Serum levels of both hepcidin-25 and ferritin increased with intravenous iron administration for 8 weeks in a patient with iron deficiency anemia receiving hemodialysis. (B) Serum levels of both hepcidin-25 and ferritin gradually decreased in the period of 4 months in a patient receiving hemodialysis who had massive periodic hemorrhage as a result of menstruation. (C-D) The expression of hepcidin in inflammation. Protein profiling of urine (C) and serum (D) from a patient with acute pyelonephritis before (day 0) and after (day 17) treatment with antibiotics is shown. AU indicates arbitrary unit.