Photomicrograph of cultured human renal proximal tubule cells. (A) Control; (B) proximal tubule cells cultured with 50 μM light chain for 3 days; (C) proximal tubule cells cultured with 50 μM light chain and 1 nM PACAP38 for 3 days. Images were obtained using a Nikon Diaphot inverted phase-contrast microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) with 10|×/0.30 numeric aperture objective. Images were acquired using a Nikon Coolpix 995 camera and processed using Adobe Photoshop 7 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA). (D) Number of healthy cells in each treatment group. Mean and SE of cells in 10 visual fields was used in each group.