Clinical outcome after autologous transplantation according to early assessment of MRD, at 3 to 6 months, by quantitative PCR. Patients with undetectable MRD (gray line) had a significantly lower risk of relapse compared with patients with detectable MRD (black line). Among MRD⁺ patients, 2 different groups of risk were observed according to MRD level. Thus, those patients with MRD 10^–3 or greater (black line) had a significantly higher relapse risk (B) and shorter survival (C) than patients with MRD level between 10^–3 and 10^–5 (gray line).