B- and T-cell characteristics after RAG1 retroviral-mediated gene transfer into RAG-1-deficient mice. (A) Quantitative TCR Vβ and TCR Vα repertoire and (B) representative immunoscope profiles in the spleen cells of RAG1-transduced mice (RAG1-TM) and control mice (WT-CTRL) 6 months after transplantation. The x-axis of immunoscope profiles indicates CDR3 length, and the y-axis displays arbitrary fluorescence intensity of the runoff products. (C) RAG1-TM and WT-CTRL mice were cultured in the presence of anti-CD3⁺anti-CD28 antibodies. ▪ indicates nonstimulated; ▨, + anti-CD3 + anti-CD28. (D) Total spleen cells were cultured in the presence of LPS. In panels C and D, the proliferative response was measured after addition of [³H]thymidine. Data are expressed as the means ± SD of triplicate wells. ▪ indicates nonstimulated; ▨, + lipopolysaccharide. (E) Immunoglobulins were quantified in the serum of RAG1-TM and WT-CTRL mice at the time of killing or 28 days after immunization with KLH. □ indicates RAG1-TM; ▦, WT-CTRL. (F) Data represent the mean ± SD of 9 RAG1-TM and 8 WT-CTRL mice analyzed. ^*The comparison of these values is not statistically significant. □ indicates RAG1-TM; ▦, WT-CTRL; and CDR, complementarity-determining region.