Hepcidin excretion is increased in patients with anemia of inflammation, iron overload, or infection.

(A) Urinary hepcidin excretion in patients with anemia of inflammation (AI, ○), iron overload (IO, ▿), compensated hereditary hemochromatosis (HH-C, ■), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA, ⋄); urinary hepcidin excretion in healthy donors (NL, ▵). (B) Urinary hepcidin excretion in the same patients and its correlation with serum ferritin. (C) Urinary hepcidin excretion in response to acute infection in a single donor with epididymitis and sepsis, treated with antibiotics from day 1. Dotted line indicates detection limit. Creat indicates creatinine.