[¹H]NMR 1-D spectra between 4.0 and 5.0 ppm, showing the anomeric protons for ANLL GSL bands a-f.

1-D NMR spectrum for GSL bands a to f (A-F), respectively. The size and composition of the carbohydrate moiety of each GSL band was determined by the number and chemical shift (ppm) of their anomeric or H-1 protons, which are present as split peaks in the NMR spectrum between 4.0 and 5.0 ppm. The anomeric linkage (α, β) of each carbohydrate was determined by the coupling constant or difference in frequency (J_1,2; Hz) between each set of H-1 peaks.64The numbering of individual anomeric protons (I-1, II-1, III-1, IV-1, V-1, VI-1) and their subsequent identification, based on published standards and 2-D NMR, is shown in Table 6 and Figure 4. Note that the H-1 proton of glucose (I-1; Table 6; Figure 4) in bands c and e is adjacent or split by the H-5 proton of galactose (III-5), which is consistent with the published NMR spectra of Gb₃ and Gb₄, respectively.64,74,75