pDC and CD11c⁺ DC maturation by influenza virus.

pDCs and CD11c⁺ DCs were obtained by magnetic bead depletion and fluorescence activated cell sorting. pDCs were cultured with IL-3 or influenza virus, while CD11c⁺ DCs were cultured with or without influenza virus. (A) Intracellular influenza MP expression and surface CD123, HLA-DR, CD83, and CD86 expression after 16 hours of culture. (B) Detection of IFN-α in culture supernatants as measured by ELISA. (C) Surface expression of CCR7 by pDCs after 16 hours. Note the different Y-axis scale in left versus right panels. (D) Migration of pDCs toward CCL19 after 2 hours. White bars represent conditions with no CCL19 in the lower chamber; black bars, with 25 ng/mL CCL19 in the lower chamber. (E) Presence of chemokines (CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL3, and CCL5) in culture supernatants as measured by ELISA.