Serum indicators (geometric means) in relation to hemoglobin concentration, for 3 groups of children.

Group 1 (black bars): children whose blood tests indicated the absence of both malarial infection and inflammation; group 2 (open bars): children without malarial infection, and with inflammation; group 3 (shaded bars): children with current or recent malarial infection (positive dipstick test result). Numbers above bars indicate group sample sizes. See text for further explanation.