Development of SCD patients. (A) Studies deriving gene-corrected HSCs using human cell lines obtained from patients with SCD to generate iPS cells, with the ultimate goal of autologous transplantation. Reprinted with permission from Freed et al, 2012.²¹  (B) Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon and transposase mediated wild-type (Wt) β-globin gene integration. (C) Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)-mediated human beta-globin (HBB) gene correction in SCD. (D) The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)-mediated human β-globin (HBB) gene correction in SCD.