Mechanisms of action of MH and TMPRSS inhibitors in HH and β-thalassemia. (A) Description of potential mechanisms of action and benefits by the use of TMPRSS6 inhibitors or minihepcidins in HH. (B) Description of potential mechanisms of action and benefits by the use of TMPRSS6 inhibitors or minihepcidins in β-thalassemia. (C) Description of potential mechanisms of action and benefits by the use of modulators of ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia. The broken line indicates a correlation that has not been demonstrated yet.