EFS indicates event-free survival; and ND, no difference.

*This cohort was part of a 1910-patient study examining transplantation and nontransplantation therapies.

†This cohort was part of a 710-patient study examining allogeneic and autologous HSCT.

‡Glucocorticoids were given with thalidomide.

Adapted from McCarthy et al.⁴²