Mean TNFR1 plasma levels at initiation of GVHD treatment and 4 weeks later. Mean TNFR1 plasma levels were significantly lower in patients without GVHD (□; n = 190) at time points similar to the onset of GVHD (■) compared with patients treated with steroids alone (n = 99) and etanercept plus steroids (n = 61; P < .001). At 4 weeks after initiation of treatment, mean TNFR1 plasma levels in patients in CR () were significantly lower than at initiation of treatment both in patients receiving steroids alone (33 of 99; 33%) and patients receiving etanercept plus steroids (42 of 61; 69%). Mean TNFR1 plasma levels () were unchanged in patients not in CR in both patients treated with steroids alone (66 of 99; 67%) and patients treated with etanercept plus steroids (19 of 61; 31%). Error bars are mean plus or minus SEM.