Inhibition of NET formation by PAD4 inhibitor (Cl-amidine) or DNase I protects cholestatic liver injury in BDL mice. Serum total bilirubin (A), total bile acids (B), and ALT levels (C) were assessed in control-, Cl-amidine-, or DNase I treated mice after either 3 days of sham laparotomy or BDL. (D) Quantification of necrotic hepatocytes in H&E stained liver sections from control-, Cl-amidine-, or DNase I treated mice 3 days after sham laparotomy or BDL. *P < 0.05 untreated BDL mice vs. sham mice. **P < 0.05 Cl-amidine or DNase I treated BDL mice vs. untreated BDL mice.