Flow cytometry analyses of PS⁺ MPs and blood cells in each NVAF group and control subjects. (A and B) Events were selected for lactadherin-Alexa Fluor 488 binding. Lactadherin-positive MPs were further examined for expression of other antigens by co-labeling with Alexa Fluor 488- and Alexa Fluor 647-labeled antibodies as follows: PMPs (Alexa Fluro 647-CD41a⁺), NMPs (Alexa Fluro 647-CD66b⁺), MMPs (Alexa Fluro 488-CD14⁺), LMPs (Alexa Fluor 647-CD3⁺/Alexa Fluor 488-CD19⁺), ErMPs (Alexa Fluor 488-CD235a⁺), and EMPs (Alexa Fluro 488-CD31⁺/Alexa Fluor 647-CD41a^-). (C) Lactadherin-binding counts of PLT/PMN/MNC/LYM/RBC from controls (n = 30), NVAF patients without (n = 60) and with left atrial thrombosis (n = 30) were measured. MPs, microparticles; NVAF, non-valvular atrial fibrillation; Thr, thrombosis; PMPs, platelet-derived MPs; NMPs, neutrophil-derived MPs; MMPs, mononuclear cell-derived MPs; LMPs, lymphocyte-derived MPs; ErMPs, erythrocyte-derived MPs; EMPs, endothelial-derived MPs; PLT, platelet; PMN, polymorphomuclear cells; MNC, mononuclear cell; LYM, lymphocyte; RBC, red blood cell. *P <0.001 vs. controls. #P< 0.01 vs. NVAF with Thr.