![Ciechanover Figure 7. Some of the different functions of modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins. / A. Proteasomal-dependent degradation of cellular proteins (see Figure 4). / B. Mono or oligoubiquitination targets membrane proteins to degradation in the lysosome/vacuole. C. Monoubiquitination, or D. a single modification by a ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein, SUMO for example, can target proteins to different subcellular destinations such as nuclear foci or the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Modification by UBLs can serve other, non-proteolytic, functions, such as protecting proteins from ubiquitination or activation of E3 complexes. E. Generation of a Lys63-based polyubiquitin chain can activate transcriptional regulators, directly or indirectly [via recruitment of other proteins (Protein Y; shown), or activation of upstream components such as kinases]. Ub denotes ubiquitin, K denotes Lys, and S denotes Cys. (with permission from Nature Publishing Group. Published originally in Ref. 83).](https://ash.silverchair-cdn.com/ash/content_public/journal/hematology/2006/1/10.1182_asheducation-2006.1.505/5/ciechanover_fig7color.jpeg?Expires=1724275006&Signature=LoTJktsqG5o8iiMuQM7uy7L5FyQb2zIWWHk3tXSomxqYbGD8GJ2Hak1tPcX16xLoCrepMfcEEWoW3PtInBs76VsmT5mXFChQbkM9U04QswrLSl8mhgTZZVWt03j7Gk0Ts0lbCdgQwKb7xw54S1BuU1QRg8wt1AFlvCuCdMSkNfS48Ek7BPCEPvaKFBerqYLLFQL0m5znMh1whS2BqfN8S0zPkqCdZnelTa5unIYVY9b2XKMiFEcCoA42rX6hARbuThL6gylpxEMwi2Trgynz7DTuNADaPVLk6orGgNumLty8MlvWqcQvved2uQ8-UscdOmStN8wGHAg3AkPwVnkZhw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Some of the different functions of modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins.
A. Proteasomal-dependent degradation of cellular proteins (see Figure 4).
B. Mono or oligoubiquitination targets membrane proteins to degradation in the lysosome/vacuole. C. Monoubiquitination, or D. a single modification by a ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein, SUMO for example, can target proteins to different subcellular destinations such as nuclear foci or the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Modification by UBLs can serve other, non-proteolytic, functions, such as protecting proteins from ubiquitination or activation of E3 complexes. E. Generation of a Lys63-based polyubiquitin chain can activate transcriptional regulators, directly or indirectly [via recruitment of other proteins (Protein Y; shown), or activation of upstream components such as kinases]. Ub denotes ubiquitin, K denotes Lys, and S denotes Cys. (with permission from Nature Publishing Group. Published originally in Ref. 83).
