TLR signaling induces hypoferremia through 2 independent pathways. (A-B) Hepcidin expression in THP-1 cells treated with different TLR ligands and organized to show hepcidin noninducers (A) and hepcidin inducers (B). (C-D) Ferroportin (FPN) expression in THP-1 cells treated with TLR ligands and organized as in panels A and B. (E-F) Ferritin (FTH) expression in THP-1 cells treated with different TLR ligands and organized as in panels A and B. All data were from 3 independent experiments. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.