PRISMA flow diagram. Flowchart of publications included in this review. Our database searches identified a total of 1,717 unique records for initial abstract screening, of which 141 were selected for full-text screening. Subsequently, 97 studies were excluded for various reasons. Five of the included records involved conference abstracts of studies that were published separately as full papers (duplicates). Six included records involved 3 distinct studies that were all published twice as separate, full-paper publications. A remaining total of 36 unique studies were included in this review, covering 26 different prophylactic interventions.