Overview of conceivable pharmacological, nonpharmacological, nonsurgical, and surgical (combined with cellular therapies) potential prevention and intervention options in children and adolescents with ALL. (A) The illustrations depict examples according to the association research circulation osseous (ARCO) classification for the hip joints. Screening of underlying coagulopathies and hyperlipidemia to prevent progression of early-stage ON and eventual compensation of vitamin D deficiency may be considered. The colored arrows indicate in which treatment phases and ON stages the depicted prevention strategies might be effective. (B) Overview of conceivable preventive pharmacological interventions in children and adolescents with ALL assigned to the different phases of the Berlin Frankfurt Muenster (BFM) therapy backbone and the cytostatic drugs and the treatment-related metabolic side effects. CPM, cyclophosphamide; HR, high risk; MP, mercaptopurine; MTX, methotrexate; NWB, non–weight-bearing; SR, standard risk; TG, thioguanine; THA, total hip arthroplasty.