Survey of HLH cancer publications. We surveyed the literature with regard to the etiology of neoplasms, which led to HLH and resulted in selection of 119 publications. Within this cohort, 822 cases were identified as instances of malignancy-induced HLH. Cases of infectious or genetic causes were excluded, as were concurrent infections in which a clear etiology could not be identified. The most common neoplastic cause was lymphoma (80% of cases), of which T-cell lymphoma accounted for 46%, B-cell lymphoma 28%, leukemia 18%, Hodgkin lymphoma 6%, and solid tumors 2% of HLH (A). Although nonspecific TIL lymphoma was the most commonly cited cause (35%), DLBCL was the most commonly cited cause of a specific etiology (11%), followed by acute myeloid leukemia (10%), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (6%), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (3%) (B). CNS, central nervous system; NOS, not otherwise specified.