Schematic overview of NOX-A12 mechanism of action in CLL. NOX-A12 detaches CXCL12 from the surface of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), thereby neutralizing the chemokine. As a consequence, NOX-A12 mobilizes CLL cells from their protective microenvironment, inducing apoptosis and chemosensitization on leukemic cells. EC, endothelial cell.