Prolonged survival of AML transplanted animals treated with protein synthesis inhibitor in addition to anthracycline. (A) Survival of IPC-81 transplanted rnu/rnu rats treated with vehicle (○; n = 5), idarubicin (▵; IDA, 3 mg/kg; n = 4), cycloheximide (●; CHX, 1.5 mg/kg; n = 3), or IDA + CHX (▴; n = 5). The IDA + CHX group had median survival time of 88 days compared with 58.5 days for the IDA mono-therapy group (P = .0072). (B) Survival of syngenic BNML-transplanted BN/Rij rats treated with vehicle (○; n = 12), IDA (▵; 1.5 mg/kg; n = 6), CHX (●; 0.8 mg/kg; n = 6), or IDA + CHX (▴; n = 6). The combination of IDA + CHX (mean survival time, 37 days) significantly increased (P = .03) survival over IDA alone (mean survival time, 26.5 days). (C) Survival of BNML rats treated with vehicle (○; n = 12), DNR (▵; 1.5 mg/kg; n = 6), CHX (●; 0.8 mg/kg; n = 6), or DNR + CHX (▴; n = 6). The combination of CHX with DNR increased the median survival from 22.5 to 26 days (P = .0065). (D) Survival of NOD/SCID/B2m^null mice transplanted with NB4 cells and treated with vehicle (○; n = 7), DNR (▵; 0.5 mg/kg; n = 5), CHX (●; 5 mg/kg; n = 5), or DNR + CHX (▴; n = 4). The combination of CHX with DNR increased the median survival from 27 to 36.5 days (P = .0046). For panels A-D: animal models, type and number of cells injected, and schedules are defined under “AML animal models and estimation of the antileukemic efficacy of anthracyclines and CHX in vivo.”