Kinetics of APOBEC3 family gene expression during monocyte differentiation to macrophages. Peripheral-blood monocytes were harvested immediately after isolation or cultured for indicated days as adherent cells and their RNA were analyzed by RT-PCR for the expression of hA3A, hA3F, hA3G, PKR, and GAPDH (inset). Graph represents the APOBEC-to-GAPDH ratio (representative kinetics, n = 2).