Whole mount staining of healthy mammary glands and mammary tumors. A healthy mammary gland of a WAP-HGF mouse served as a control (A), and a mammary tumor from a WAP-HGF transgenic mouse (B) was used for double staining with rat anti-CD31 (C-D, red) and rabbit anti–Lyve-1 (E-F, blue) antibodies. Panels G and H show CD31 and LYVE-1 double-positive signals of panels C and E, and D and F, respectively. T marks the tumor. Bar = 100 μm. Quantification analysis of CD31⁺ (I) and LYVE-1–positive (J) signals as μm². *P < .05; ***P < .001. Error bars indicate SEM. Images in panels C-H were captured as described in Figure 2. Images in panels A-B were captured with a Nikon SMZ-2T microscope and a Nikon FDX-35 camera (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) with a 15 × objective.