HSP70-mediated phagocytosis is independent of LPS. (A) Macrophages were treated with LPS in serum-free conditions and resultant TNF-α production was measured. (B) Macrophages maintained in serum-free conditions were treated with either HSP70 or of LPS (as indicated), or heat-denatured HSP70 and a phagocytosis assay was performed. The error bar is 1 SD. The results shown are a cumulative analysis of 3 experiments, 3 wells/group.