Cell-cell interactions between naïve B cells and Tregs in early-relapse CHL. (A) Cell-cell interaction analysis using CellChat, highlighting significant interactions between LGALS9+ naïve B cells and Tregs via the LGALS9-HAVCR2 axis in early-relapse CHL in the discovery cohort. (B) Schematic representation of spatial analysis of naïve B cells in the TME. (C) Spatial score analysis demonstrating increased proximity of naïve B cells to HRS cells in early-relapse CHL in the validation cohort 2. A t test was used for statistical analysis. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01. (D) Spatial distribution of naïve B cells, HRS cells, and TIM-3+ CD4+ T cells in diagnostic, early-relapse, and late-relapse CHL, supporting their increased interactions in early-relapse cases in the validation cohort 2. Treg, regulatory T cell.