FA-WB-VCAM and FA-WB-Psel at BL and during VOC. (A) Across all 25 patients, FA-WB-VCAM increased significantly from BL to VOC (P < .05). (B) No measurable difference in FA-WB-VCAM for patients with CP (n = 10) from BL to VOC, whereas those with NCP (n = 15) displayed a marked increase in VCAM adhesion levels (P < .05). (C) FA-WB-Psel increased significantly from BL to VOC across all 25 patients (P < .01). (D) In CP, there was no measurable change in FA-WB-Psel from BL to VOC in patients with CP (n = 10), whereas those with NCP (n = 15) showed a statistically higher adhesion during VOC compared to BL (P < .01). The red dashed lines represent previously established critical fAi laboratory thresholds: 400 cells per mm² for FA-WB-VCAM and 50 cells per mm² for FA-WB-Psel.²² Critical fAi threshold values are associated with a higher probability of a VOC event and poor clinical outcomes. Statistical significance is denoted as P < .05 and P < .01. BL, baseline.