Treatment with TQ induced loss of viability in cultured and PD sAML cells while sparing normal CD34+ HPCs. (A) mRNA expression of S100A9, S100A8, and TLR4 in TCGA AML samples (n = 173) vs 70 normal samples from the GEPIA server. ∗P < .05. (B) mRNA expression of S100A9, S100A8, and TLR4 in post-MPN sAML cells (n = 24) compared with normal CD34+ cells (n = 13) from the BEAT AML data set. ∗∗∗P < .005; ∗∗∗∗P < .001. (C) SET-2 and HEL92.1.7 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of TQ for 96 hours. At the end of treatment, relative cell viability was determined using a CellTiter-Glo assay. The percentage of viable cells in each condition was normalized relative to the untreated control cells. Columns, mean of 2 independent experiments performed in duplicate; bars, standard error of the mean (SEM). (D) PD post-MPN sAML cells (n = 9) were treated with the indicated concentrations of TQ for 72 hours. After this, the cells were washed with 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and stained with TO-PRO-3 iodide. The percentage of TO-PRO-3 iodide–positive, nonviable cells were determined by flow cytometry. Columns, mean of 9 samples; bars, SEM. ∗∗∗P < .005; ∗∗∗∗P < .001, compared with the control cells. (E) Normal CD34+ HPCs were treated with the indicated concentrations of TQ for 72 hours. After this, the cells were washed with 1× PBS and stained with TO-PRO-3 iodide. The percentage of TO-PRO-3 iodide–positive, nonviable cells was determined by flow cytometry. HPC, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell; ns, not significant; TPM, transcripts per million.