MO accelerates erythroid differentiation in mice and human UCB. (A-C) UMAP plots of erythroid cells from the placenta and yolk sac (A), fetal liver (B), and human UCB (C), colored by identified erythroid subclusters. (D-F) Pseudotime trajectory analysis of erythroid cells from the mice and human UCB. (G-I) Violin plots shows the expression patterns of hemoglobin genes, erythroid transcription factors, nuclear-related genes, and total gene counts (nFeature_RNA) across erythroid subclusters. (J-O) Pie charts showing shifts in erythroid subpopulation distributions between the CT and MO (or lean and obese) groups. (P,R,T) Bar plots of G1/S/G2M phase proportions. (Q,S,U) Ridge plots of Pcna/PCNA and Mki67/MKI67 expression levels. The scRNA-seq analyses were based on 3 pregnancies per group for mouse tissues (3 embryos per pregnancy) and 4 lean vs 3 obese samples for human UCB. BFU-E, burst-forming unit–erythroid; CFU-E, colony-forming unit–erythroid; ProE, proerythroblast; BasoE, basophilic erythroblast; PolyE, polychromatic erythroblast; OrthoE, orthochromatic erythroblast; Retic, reticulocyte.