MO alters erythroid output and oxygen-sensing signaling in human UCB. (A) Overview of maternal characteristics. (B) Dot plot shows specific marker genes for each cluster. (C) UMAP plot colored by individual donor identity (top) and cell type annotations (bottom). (D) Violin plots of characteristic gene expression in clusters 4 and 7 (left) and bar plots of their proportions across conditions (right). (E) GO enrichment analysis of upregulated genes in the obese group. (F-G) GSEA plots showing positive enrichment of erythroid development and homeostasis pathways in the obese group. (H-J) GSEA plots showing negative enrichment of hypoxia and oxygen response pathways in the obese group. The scRNA-seq was performed on UCB samples from 3 obese and 4 lean human pregnancies. UMAP, uniform manifold approximation and projection.