MO promotes erythropoiesis in E13.5 placenta and yolk sac. (A) Experimental workflow for scRNA-seq analysis of the E13.5 placenta and yolk sac. (B) Dot plot showing specific cell marker genes for each cluster. (C) UMAP of cell clusters, annotated into fetal and maternal compartments. (D) Bar plot displaying the proportions of different cell types in CT and MO groups. (E-F) GO enrichment analysis of genes upregulated in the MO group within the maternal (E) and fetal (F) compartments. (G-H) Quantitative RT-qPCR analysis of hemoglobin-related and erythropoiesis-associated gene expression in the placenta (G) and yolk sac (H) at E13.5. The scRNA-seq data were generated from pooled embryos (n = 3 pregnancies per group; 3 embryos per pregnancy). RT-qPCR was performed using embryos from 4 pregnancies per group. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM); each dot represents an individual embryo. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired 2-tailed t test. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01. UMAP, uniform manifold approximation and projection.