Transcriptional activity of HERVs in patients with CLL who received different types of therapy. Patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the drug treatment received (untreated, chemotherapy, or ibrutinib). The expression of the ENV gene of HERV-H, HERV-K, SYN-1, pHERV-W, and HEMO was evaluated by real-time PCR in PBMCs of patients with CLL and HDs. Data are represented as box plots (blue box, HDs; dark gray box, untreated patients; gray box, patients who received chemotherapy; light gray box, patients who received ibrutinib). Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare groups. ∗P ≤ .050; ∗∗P < .010. Red asterisks refer to the comparisons between patients and HDs. Black asterisks refer to comparisons between groups of patients who received a different treatment regimen.