Analysis of anti-CD36–mediated TRALI in wild-type, C5^−/−, C5aR1^−/−, and wild-type mice receiving C5aR1 or C5aR2 agonist. Wild-type, C5^−/−, and C5aR1^−/− C57BL/6J male mice were treated with different reagents as indicated. The signs of TRALI including rectal temperatures and lung W/D weight ratios changes in wild-type mice (A-B), C5^−/− mice (C-D), C5aR1^−/− mice (E-F), and wild-type mice receiving C5aR1 agonist (PMX53) or C5aR2 agonist (P32) (G-H) are presented. In the control experiment (A-B), untreated wild-type mice (naïve), or treated with LPS, with LPS alone, or LPS and afterward isotype control or mAb GZ1 (0.4 mg/kg) were shown (n = 5 in each cohort). Similar experiments were performed with C5^−/− mice (C-D). In addition, rectal temperatures and lung W/D weight ratios of C5^−/− mice supplemented with C5a (100 ng) and C5a together with mAb GZ1 (0.4 mg/kg) are shown (n = 5 in each cohort). Similar experiments as wild-type mice (see earlier) were performed with C5aR1^−/− mice (E-F). (G-H) Rectal temperatures and lung W/D weight ratios of LPS-treated wild-type mice receiving either mAb GZ1 (n = 10), GZ1 together with PMX53 (10 mg/kg; n = 5), or (P32: 3 mg/kg; n = 5) or isotype control (n = 5). Rectal temperatures could be measured in only 9 of 10 LPS + GZ1–treated mice (1 mouse died within 30 minutes) and in 3 of 5 LPS + GZ1 + PMX53–treated mice (2 mice died within 30 minutes). Statistical analysis was performed with 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Each dot represents 1 mouse and error bars represent the standard deviations. ∗∗∗∗P < .0001; ∗∗P < .01; ∗P < .05. ns, nonsignificant.