Correlations between the gm and nonprophylactic antibiotics (administered for treatment of suspected or documented infection) at different time points in relation to the intervention. α-Diversity (A-D). Faecalibacterium abundance (E-H). For the mid intervention and the change from preintervention to mid-intervention analyses, exposed patients were defined as those who received nonprophylactic antibiotic treatment at any point before mid intervention. For the end intervention and the change from preintervention to end-intervention analyses, exposed patients were defined as anyone who received nonprophylactic antibiotics by end of intervention.