GM throughout transplant. (A) GM α-diversity using Chao1. (B) Faecalibacterium abundance before, mid, and end intervention in patients with PCNs. Both show decreases throughout transplant, with greater decreases from preintervention to mid intervention than from mid intervention to end intervention. The P values were derived by fitting a linear mixed model for each case with patient-specific random intercepts, in which the intervention was added as a factor variable. The reported P values are associated with the intervention variable.