Figure 1. Nivolumab to salvage T-cell... | American Society of Hematology

Figure 1.

$Nivolumab to salvage T-cell fitness in CAR-T refractory MM. (A) The serologic response to ide-cel and nivolumab-based salvage therapy in MM1 (left panel) and MM2 (right panel). (B) CAR-T vector expansion over time indicating the time of first and second ide-cel infusion. (C) Study design for correlative T-cell assessment. (D) A tSNE plot of single CD3+ non–CAR-Ts, showing 3 distinct clusters relating to treatment with nivolumab-based salvage therapy. (E) The heat map in panel E visualizes cluster characterization by marker gene expression for clusters 1, 2, and 3. (F) Gene set enrichment plots show expressed gene sets derived from the BIOCARTA T helper 1 cells/T helper 2 cells and BIOCARTA natural killer T cell pathway in MM1 (cluster 3 vs 1) and MM2 (cluster 3 vs 2). DRd, daratumumab-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; FDR, false discovery rate; FLC, free light chain; KCd, carfilzomib-cyclophosphamide(-dexamethasone); NES, normalized enrichment score; Nivo, nivolumab; Pd, pomalidomide-dexamethasone; pts, patients; Rd, lenalidomide-dexamethasone; sFLC, serum-free light chain; tSNE, t-stochastic network embedding. Figure panel C created with BioRender (https://BioRender.com/i46u828#).$

Nivolumab to salvage T-cell fitness in CAR-T refractory MM. (A) The serologic response to ide-cel and nivolumab-based salvage therapy in MM1 (left panel) and MM2 (right panel). (B) CAR-T vector expansion over time indicating the time of first and second ide-cel infusion. (C) Study design for correlative T-cell assessment. (D) A tSNE plot of single CD3⁺ non–CAR-Ts, showing 3 distinct clusters relating to treatment with nivolumab-based salvage therapy. (E) The heat map in panel E visualizes cluster characterization by marker gene expression for clusters 1, 2, and 3. (F) Gene set enrichment plots show expressed gene sets derived from the BIOCARTA T helper 1 cells/T helper 2 cells and BIOCARTA natural killer T cell pathway in MM1 (cluster 3 vs 1) and MM2 (cluster 3 vs 2). DRd, daratumumab-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; FDR, false discovery rate; FLC, free light chain; KCd, carfilzomib-cyclophosphamide(-dexamethasone); NES, normalized enrichment score; Nivo, nivolumab; Pd, pomalidomide-dexamethasone; pts, patients; Rd, lenalidomide-dexamethasone; sFLC, serum-free light chain; tSNE, t-stochastic network embedding. Figure panel C created with BioRender (https://BioRender.com/i46u828#).

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