Comparing cerebral hemodynamic measures across VHS subgroups. Box and violin plots are shown for all participants comparing CMRO₂ and its various components across 3 subgroups (post hoc Scheffe test; P < .05): VHS = 0 (n = 22), VHS = 1 (n = 56), and VHS = 2 (n = 65). (A) CaO₂ was significantly reduced in the VHS = 2 group compared with VHS = 0 (P = .002) and VHS = 1 (P = .009) groups. (B) Gray matter CBF was not different between VHS groups. (C) OEF was significantly reduced in the VHS = 2 group compared with score = 0 (P < .001) and VHS = 1 (P = .011) groups. (D) CMRO₂, calculated as the product of CaO₂, CBF, and OEF, was also significantly reduced in the VHS = 2 group compared with VHS = 0 (P < .001) and VHS = 1 (P < .001) groups. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; and ∗∗∗P < .001.