Human BMD measurements show induced osteoporosis after allo-HSCT. (A) Experimental design for human HSCT and myeloablation after allo-HSCT and analysis via CT 12 months after HSCT with annual repetitions for remission control (up to 4 years). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; females, n = 17; males, n = 25) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML; females, n = 84; males, n = 97). (B) Z-score: comparison of the measured person's bone density with age- and sex-matched controls. (C) T-score: comparison of the measured person's density values with those of a healthy young adult (aged 20-30 years), comparison with peak bone density, sex matched. (D) Left graph: Z-score: comparison of the measured person's bone density with age- and sex-matched controls within the first 4 years after HSCT. Right graph: comparison of the measured person's density values with those of a healthy young adult (aged 20-30 years), comparison with peak bone density, sex-matched within the first 4 years after HSCT (right graph). (E) Analysis of differences in T-scores between vitamin D3–treated patients with Dekristol 20 0000 or calcium (calcium effervescent tablets of 500 mg) compared with untreated patients. The measurement of T- and Z-scores already incorporates BMD data across a wide age range (1-80 years) from healthy US Caucasian or Asian individuals, which constitutes a statistical analysis. ∗P < .05 (Kruskal-Wallis test: panels B,C). Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ctrl, control; f, female; m, male.