Diacerein augments the effects of eltrombopag in ITP. (A) Diacerein is an anthraquinone derivative used to treat osteoarthritis. After oral administration, diacerein is converted into its active metabolite, rhein. (B) Adults with ITP who were unresponsive to 14 days of eltrombopag monotherapy were randomly assigned to the 2 treatment arms. Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed a longer duration of response in the eltrombopag + diacerein group than in the eltrombopag group (P = .0004). ITP, immune thrombocytopenia. The graph in panel B is adapted from Figure 2 in the article by Sun et al that begins on page 1791.