Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic research of BCP-ALL disease. (A) Single-cell sequencing analyzes pediatric BCP-ALL’s molecular mechanisms in leukemia. (B) BCP-ALL blocks cell differentiation and boosts PI3K/AKT and CD371 in DUX4-r. (C) New therapeutic research targeting PI3K and designing CD371 CAR T-cell therapy. (D) Outstanding questions. ADT, antibody-derived tag; ATAC, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin; BCR, B-cell receptor; sc, single cell; seq, sequencing.