Single-cell landscape of primary BM from patients with MDS. (A) Schema of the experimental workflow for primary human cells: liquid BM aspirates and BM trephines derived from diagnostic BM punctures and hip replacement surgeries were digested or sorted for SYTOX Blue-negative Calcein AM-positive lin^–CD45^–CD235a^– cells and subjected to 10x single-cell RNA sequencing. (B) Flow cytometric quantification of the proportion of CD45^–, CD235a^–, and CD45^–CD235a^–CD271⁺ populations for n = 5 paired samples of BM aspirations and digested trephines; paired, 2-sided t test. (C) UMAP plot of 24 371 high-quality primary cells comprising n = 35 color-coded distinct cell populations. (D) Heat map of top 10 marker genes from 100 randomly sampled cells per population; see also supplemental Table 6 and selected genes highlighted. Figure 2A created with BioRender.com.